Note: This story contains sensitive material, including racial slurs. Please read and listen with care.
Last winter, the Norwich Historical Society held a program called 鈥淎ll About Norwich 鈥� your questions answered.鈥�
They asked residents to submit questions ahead of time, and like how the town of Norwich got its name and what old log drives used to look like. It was all very jolly. Then came this moment at the end of the event.
The director of the historical society, Sarah Rooker, said they鈥檇 gone through all the questions submitted.
One of the attendees, Claudia Marieb, piped in: Her question hadn't been answered. It was about a name that appeared on her deed 鈥� "Darkey Bridge," from the section of Norwich where she lived called Beaver Meadow.
鈥淥bviously I thought of that as a racist term, and I wondered, 'Why?' Like what was the story here with African Americans? Or was there racism here? Or what was the history? And I would bring it up with different people, but there wasn't a whole lot of information."Claudia Marieb, Norwich
Rooker paused before answering.
鈥淚t is a story of racism,鈥� she said. 鈥淎nd it is a story that I want to spend time thinking about how to share to the community in a way that promotes conversation.鈥�
Then, she gave a brief explanation of where the name might have come from.
鈥淭here was a minister who lived in Beaver Meadow at the corner there, in the mid-1880s,鈥� Rooker said. 鈥淗e was harassed and abused by local young men in Beaver Meadow and he was eventually murdered.鈥�
This minister was named John Harrison. He was one of the only Black men living in Norwich at the time, according to town records.
A in town documents marked his memory.
鈥淚t鈥檚 also known as 'Darkey Corner,' it also is known as 'N- corner' and 'N- bridge,'鈥� Rooker said. 鈥淭here鈥檚 some pretty racist pieces.鈥�
That same night, Marieb emailed me. At the time, I was living next door to her on a dirt road, about a two-minute walk away.
She forwarded me an 1896 about John Harrison鈥檚 alleged murder that Rooker sent her after the event.
It describes where Harrison lived as 鈥渁 little one story shanty which sat in a fork of the road about a mile from Beaver Meadow on the road to Sharon.鈥� A stream controlled by a trout club ran past the property 鈥渨ithin a stone鈥檚 throw of the house.鈥�
I started reading the article, then stopped. It was violent, and I wanted to wait until daytime. Because this account of where John Harrison had lived, it was where I was living 鈥� where two dirt roads come together, upriver from the same trout club.
I felt confident it was the same place, because the line in Marieb鈥檚 deed about "Darkey Bridge," it described where her property line ended and mine began. I rented a house there until last year.
Marieb had been wondering about the name on her deed ever since she bought her home in 2018.
鈥淥bviously I thought of that as a racist term, and I wondered why,鈥� she told me last year. 鈥淟ike what was the story here with African Americans? Or was there racism here? Or what was the history? And I would bring it up with different people, but there wasn't a whole lot of information."
Marieb added: 鈥淪o when the historical society asked residents for questions, I asked that question.鈥�
She had no idea her question would lead to a story of a preacher, a young man who moved to Norwich just a few years before he was killed. Neither did any of the neighbors she talked about this with, including me.
After Marieb sent me the article, I wanted to learn more about John Harrison鈥檚 life and the people responsible for his death. But when I started looking into it, there was no gravesite or death certificate, nothing in a Google search, or in academic literature about what happened. A book in 2012 included a page about John Harrison, but as far as I could find, that was it.
Having such little record really bothered me. Because however ugly it is, that history played a part in shaping this community today 鈥� in who was permitted to live here, and who wasn鈥檛.
And in Vermont, where so much of our history has been kept and remembered, not knowing this story struck me as a glaring omission.
But what happened to John Harrison had not been entirely forgotten. There were rumors, decades ago, of something horrible that happened here.
I met Jayn Keller at an old chapel about a mile from where John Harrison lived, built a few decades after his death. She first moved to the area in the 1970s.
鈥淓arly on when I first came here, I heard a story of a man who was killed there 鈥� a Black man who 鈥� his house was burned and maybe he was in it,鈥� she told me. 鈥淚t felt bad, because it鈥檚 such a beautiful place. I love it here. And it never really came up. Just more in the back of my mind, I always hoped it wasn't true."
Keller never learned anything more, until the event last year with the Norwich Historical Society.
Meet John Harrison
It鈥檚 hard to verify details about John Harrison鈥檚 life. But newspaper articles say he was a young man when he moved to the area, around 25 years old.
His father had been enslaved. And both his parents died when he was young. He was raised in upstate New York by a 鈥淐hristian family,鈥� according to one article.
鈥淚f it's called a Christian family, this is almost certainly a euphemism for a white family,鈥� John Saillant, a professor who studies , told me by phone last year.
Saillant works at Western Michigan University, and has written extensively about who moved to Rutland in the late 1700s named Lemuel Haynes. He had never heard of John Harrison, but he agreed to read through some old newspaper articles I sent him, to provide some context.
鈥淗e was basically adopted into a white family and then reared by them,鈥� he said. 鈥淭hen probably in mid-adolescence, he started doing local work for his upkeep.鈥�
John Harrison moved to Vermont in the 1880s. At the time, Reconstruction in the former Confederate states had ended. Jim Crow laws and racial segregation were the norm. Thousands of Black people were targeted by , leading to mass migration north and west.
In Vermont, there were just over , according to the 1880 census. Most Black men worked as farmhands, laborers, or barbers. Some had their own farms. But there 鈥� most banks wouldn't loan you money for a business, you couldn't get a job as a carpenter or teacher, and factories and railroads wouldn't hire you.
As a young man, John Harrison decided to become a preacher, and he likely picked up other work to get by. According to one newspaper article, he didn鈥檛 know how to read or write, but he probably grew up listening to people read from the Bible.
鈥淗e would have been an itinerant minister, traveling around and maybe preaching to people who hadn鈥檛 heard a sermon for a long time.鈥�John Saillant, Western Michigan University
鈥淢y guess is he probably has a repertoire of a couple of dozen Bible stories,鈥� Saillant said. 鈥淎nd he can pull on those and preach as needed.鈥�
He thinks John Harrison鈥檚 decision to move to a place like west Norwich made a certain amount of sense.
For decades, many people , heading west. Many established parishes had disbanded, and being a minister in a rural, northern New England town wasn鈥檛 exactly a coveted job.
鈥淭his creates opportunities for people like John Harrison,鈥� Saillant said. 鈥淓ssentially he would have been an itinerant minister, traveling around and maybe preaching to people who hadn鈥檛 heard a sermon for a long time. People are hungry for sermons, and so someone who can fill that void is going to be welcomed here and there.鈥�
Loading...
In early 1886, John Harrison鈥檚 name started showing up in newspaper notices all over the region, advertising where he was preaching: at the village Hall in Taftsville, a schoolhouse in Walden, a Baptist church in Hardwick, an outdoor meeting in West Groton.
Sarah Rooker, from the Norwich Historical Society, found a bunch of these articles to show me.
鈥淗e was getting good-sized audiences,鈥� she said.
And John Harrison wasn鈥檛 alone preaching in Vermont.
"There are other Black itinerant preachers, certainly," said Amy Howe, an assistant professor at Champlain College who studies American religious history. She's researched the life of a man named Charles Bowles, who in the early 1800s, preaching in different towns. He bought land in Huntington, and gained a large following there.
But many of these stories haven't been written down. The records are hard to find, unless you know what you're looking for.
In John Harrison鈥檚 case, besides newspaper clippings, his name also appears in the grand lists of the town of Norwich. They鈥檙e these marbled bound books written in beautiful cursive, listing every household in town 鈥� how much land they owned and if they paid a poll tax.
John Harrison did not own property. The land where he lived belonged to an old farmer, according to deed records. But he did pay taxes in 1888 and 1889. Then, he disappears.
What we know about William Eastman
About two miles from where John Harrison lived was a where brothers named William and Albert Eastman grew up. They were close in age, both in their early 20s at the time.
They seemed to have a lot of relatives living nearby. At least three other families with the same last name lived in the area, .
And the brothers liked to go fishing. One of their regular spots took them right past John Harrison鈥檚 house. They鈥檇 talk, and sometimes harass him.
In 1895, about five years after John Harrison disappeared, William Eastman got into trouble.
He was caught breaking into someone鈥檚 home and stealing cider, according to newspaper records.
The postmaster of west Norwich testified against him in a criminal case. And a couple months later, William decided to get revenge. He had a fight at the post office, and the postmaster shot him, he claimed in self defense. This is when John Harrison鈥檚 name again appears in the newspaper.
An article in the St. Albans Messenger in 1896 says William Eastman was badly injured, and 鈥渟upposing himself on his deathbed,鈥� he made a confession that he and three others murdered Harrison, 鈥渢hen buried the body in the cellar of his house.鈥�
The alleged murder
The next part of the story is described as a rumor. It鈥檚 printed several years after John Harrison disappeared, and the article says William Eastman鈥檚 doctor denied hearing any confession.
Still the story goes on, in graphic detail. At the time, a lot of people would have heard about it 鈥� different versions were printed in , , and .
It says in the fall of 1890, about two weeks before Harrison disappeared, 鈥渢he two Eastman boys made Harrison a call, and left him for dead.鈥�
The description of what they did to Harrison is hard to read. It says: 鈥淭he boys had pounded the negro on the head with an iron kettle until the bale broken and left a big ridge across his forehead. The boys then went up the village and told what they had done, and it is said that they afterward boasted that they would 鈥榝inish him yet.鈥欌��
The article says neighbors went to John Harrison鈥檚 house, and found him badly hurt. But in a couple days, Harrison went to get help. He 鈥渕ade a complaint" to the town grand juror who "referred the preacher to the state鈥檚 attorney at Bethel." In the end, "nothing was done about it.鈥�
After that, John Harrison was afraid to stay in his home alone. He moved in with a neighbor, about half a mile away. He took most of his furniture with him, according to the article, and 鈥渁s the story goes, he told them that he would bring the rest up the next morning, but was never seen again."
The article from the St. Albans Messenger says his house was torn down. Other accounts say it was burned.
A follow-up article says the selectmen of Norwich started an investigation to search for the body. They poked around the remains of the house, and were said to have found . But the ground was frozen at the time 鈥� this was late January 鈥� and they couldn鈥檛 dig past the cellar.
鈥淚 looked for a record of his death, and there's nothing in the town records. And I looked in the select board鈥檚 expense reports just to see if there was any mention 鈥� nothing.鈥�Sarah Rooker, Norwich Historical Society
Sarah Rooker, from the Norwich Historical Society, tried to find out if anything else came of the investigation.
鈥淚 looked for a record of his death, and there's nothing in the town records,鈥� she told me. 鈥淎nd I looked in the select board鈥檚 expense reports just to see if there was any mention 鈥� nothing. So it's not showing up in the town records at all.鈥�
There鈥檚 no mention of John Harrison again in any newspaper articles, or anywhere in the archives of the Norwich Historical Society, according to Rooker.
Standing among those archives, my colleague Elodie Reed asked her about this: 鈥淪o there's nothing in this entire room that records this incident?鈥�
鈥淣o, not that we found,鈥� Rooker said. 鈥淎nd it's pretty well-cataloged.鈥�
Having such little record of what happened to John Harrison is not surprising.
"It gets forgotten, in terms of people who are living in the community actually knowing about it," said Deborah Karyn King. Up until last year, she was a sociology professor at Dartmouth College. She鈥檚 retired now, but she鈥檚 still working on 鈥� documenting the college鈥檚 involvement with the transatlantic slave trade.
She says learning about crimes like what happened to John Harrison gives a more nuanced account of life in small town Vermont, including for the Black people living there.
"The presence of African Americans in Vermont means that we not only note their presence, but also really want to recognize some of the troubling things that absolutely happened," she said.
And some of those troubling things still show up today, in cases of racism in Vermont schools, policing, and the Statehouse.
"We kind of think, 鈥極h, they come out of the blue' 鈥� and they don't come out of the blue, in the sense that Vermont is still a part of those dynamics in history of the United States overall," King said. "So that we shouldn't be surprised when some of the negative stuff and the bad stuff happens."
鈥淲e want someone to look us in the eye and just say, 鈥楳an that鈥檚 stuff heavy, we get it.' But if those things are never brought to them, then how are they going to know? And how are we all going to heal together?鈥�Jerome Lafeyette Narramore, who researches Black history in Vermont
For some people, remembering stories like what happened to John Harrison also does something else.
"It serves as a way to heal," said Jerome Lafeyette Narramore. He鈥檚 a biracial filmmaker from New York City who has been researching Black history in Vermont for the past 20 years, inspired by his own family鈥檚 history in the Castleton area. He also runs a Facebook group in the state.
In a recent phone call, I asked him why remembering these types of stories is important.
鈥淲e want someone to look us in the eye and just say, 鈥楳an that鈥檚 stuff heavy, we get it,鈥欌�� he said. 鈥淏ut if those things are never brought to them, then how are they going to know? And how are we all going to heal together?鈥�
What happened to the Eastmans
Back in 1897, over a year after William Eastman was shot, the burglary charge against him was dropped. Instead, he pleaded guilty to petty larceny. He paid $20 in fines 鈥� worth about $700 today 鈥� according to newspaper accounts.
He got into trouble with the law again, a decade later. He was charged with assault with intent to kill, but his case was eventually dismissed, for lack of evidence.
He died of lung disease when he was 49, according to a death certificate.
William鈥檚 older brother, Albert Eastman, was also implicated in the murder. He had his own farm in Sharon, where he raised a son and stepdaughter, according to census records. He died in 1947, at the age of 80. .
The property where John Harrison lived sat vacant for almost a century, besides the occasional haying. That was until the 1980s, when a small house was built there. That鈥檚 where I lived, up until last year.
I recently met back up Claudia Marieb, my former neighbor. We walked down to the bridge, and I asked her how learning all this was sitting with her.
鈥淚 wasn鈥檛 shocked as much as, it felt so poignant to get the real information, because it did feel like it was occluded,鈥� she said. 鈥淭here鈥檚 a weird feeling to know, there are all these rumors, and this is the deal of what happened there.鈥�
For her, what we think happened to John Harrison feels inseparable from his racial identity. It鈥檚 impossible to say why William Eastman and others targeted him, but when he asked for protection from a threat against his life, he didn鈥檛 get any.
Marieb says she鈥檚 glad she knows the truth about what happened. It reminded her of a trip she took to the Dachau concentration camp in southern Germany.
鈥淚t鈥檚 like those horrible things, it's really important to witness and honor,鈥� she said. 鈥淢aybe there were no witnesses then, except for William Eastman. But we can witness and honor John Harrison. The violence that happened, the racism that didn't provide him protection, we can be the witness for that.鈥� 鈻�
For more local audio documentaries and special series, subscribe to 开云体育 Docs on , , or .
Credits
Lexi Krupp reported this story. Editing by Brittany Patterson with help from Myra Flynn and Elodie Reed. Music by Blue Dot Sessions.
A special thank you to Elise Guyette for sharing her expertise on Black history in Vermont, Alan Berolzheimer, the Norwich Town Clerk鈥檚 Office, the Vermont State Archives, John Moody, and guidance from Kenya Lazuli, Mia Shultz, and Miriam Wood.
Also thanks to Sabine Poux, Josh Crane, Corey Dockser, Mike Dougherty, Zoe McDonald , Kaylee Mumford and Peter Engisch.
Have questions, comments or tips? , or contact reporter Lexi Krupp:
Lexi Krupp is a corps member with , a nonprofit national service program that places journalists in local newsrooms to report on under-covered issues and regions.
