The Vermont House has passed a landmark bill that would force the biggest fossil fuel companies in the world to compensate the state for damage wrought by climate change.
Modeled after the , the policy would require companies like ExxonMobil Corporation and Shell to pay Vermont a share of what climate change has cost the state in recent decades. Vermont would use those payments to establish a program to fund recovery from climate-fueled disasters and work to adapt to the state鈥檚 already-changed climate.
Vermont could become the first state in the country to enact such legislation. New York, California, Massachusetts and Maryland are all considering similar bills, as is Congress.
But Gov. Phil Scott has signaled he will likely veto the bill over concerns about how much it would cost the state to take big oil companies to court 鈥� and how long it would take Vermont to recoup damages. The Senate passed the bill in late March by a vote of 26 to 3.
The bill targets companies that extract and refine the fuels for damages, rather than the small businesses that distribute them, like fuel dealers or gas stations.
It comes following Vermont鈥檚 tangle last summer with flooding, which officials say . The state climatologist says the extreme rain Vermont saw during that event was made worse by human-caused climate change, and it鈥檚 part of a trend the state should expect to continue in the coming decades.
Many Vermonters remain displaced from their homes and small communities are still reeling financially following that event. Meanwhile, companies like Exxon, Chevron and Shell have , and continue to expand their fossil fuel production.
Several House Republicans have echoed the governor鈥檚 concern about the costs of the litigation. A few told their peers they thought it was wrong to contemplate suing big oil companies for the damage their products are causing because Vermonters have burned fossil fuels for decades.
鈥淚 think we have to all recognize we bought this stuff. We鈥檙e still buying it,鈥� said Rep. Anne Donahue, a Republican from Northfield. 鈥淲e are complicit. Madam Speaker, we create the market and without our actions, without a market, none of this damage would exist. It takes two to tango, but the bigger partner is the one who is creating the market as purchasers.鈥�
Executives at top oil companies have made similar arguments over the years.
shows that Exxon鈥檚 own research confirmed fossil fuels鈥� role in global warming decades ago, and that the companies have systematically sought to conceal that information from the public.
Donahue ended up voting for the bill Monday despite her concern. She was joined by one other Republican, Scott Beck of St. Johnsbury.
Rep. Laura Sibilia, an independent from Dover who is vice chair of the Environment and Energy Committee, urged her colleagues to support the bill. She argued that Vermont taxpayers and small businesses are paying for climate damages 鈥� a dynamic she called inequitable.
鈥淭he aftermath of these storms has left many small towns reeling,鈥� she said. 鈥淭hey are facing immense financial challenges in rebuilding and recovery. Small business owners who are the backbone of these communities have struggled mightily to recover expenses for repairs, renovations and replacements.鈥�
Rep. Gina Galfetti, a Republican from Barre, voted against the bill.
She said she agrees that big oil companies should pay a share of the damage caused by climate change, but she doesn鈥檛 want Vermont to lead the way.
鈥淕oing after big oil is going to be extremely costly,鈥� she said. 鈥淎nd I just don鈥檛 know if Vermonters can afford it right now. We have an opportunity to wait things out, to see if a legal precedent is set in other states before we dive into this.鈥�
The bill goes back to the Senate for final review before it can go to Gov. Scott鈥檚 desk.
With Scott expected to veto the policy, lawmakers would need to secure the votes of two-thirds of the members present in both chambers to override him.
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